ABSTRACT
Durante el tratamiento del niño con cáncer las dificultades que se presentan en la alimentación son variadas. El cáncer en niños, puede acompañarse de desnutrición que puede ser asociada a la naturaleza de la enfermedad y/o como consecuencia de su tratamiento. Dentro de los objetivos en la manipulación de los alimentos se incluye varios aspectos como son los de evitar la contaminación y el control en el consumo. Se deben hacer algunas recomendaciones en cuanto a la compra, almacenamiento, preparación y consumo de los alimentos.
During the treatment of children with cáncer are varied difficulties that arise in their diet. Cancer in children, is a group of diseases that are different from one another, may be associated with manlnutrition associated with the nature of the disease and/or following treatment. The targets in the food handling of children with cáncer include avoiding food contamination and control its management. It should make recommendations regarding the purchase, storage, preparation and consumption of food.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Food Storage/classification , Diet , Neoplasms/classification , Neoplasms/complications , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neoplasms/genetics , Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasms/psychology , Neoplasms/rehabilitation , Food Handling/ethics , Food Handling/instrumentation , Food Handling/methods , Child Nutrition Disorders/classification , Child Nutrition Disorders/complications , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/pathologyABSTRACT
Durante el tratamiento del niño con cáncer, es posible requerir el uso de corticoides, los cuales como efecto adverso tienen el aumento en el apetito, que unido al sedentarismo de estos niños, incrementan de peso y pueden concurrir en sobrepeso y obesidad, malnutrición que es tan dañina como la desnutrición. Es necesario un control y seguimiento estricto por parte del pediatra y nutricionista infantil en estos niños con malnutrición.
During the treatment of children with cancer, may require the use of corticosteroids, which have the adverse effect of increased appetite, which together with the inactivity of theses children, increased weight and may attend overweight and obesity, malnutrition that is as harmful as malnutrition. It is necessary to control and closely monitored by the pediatrician and infant nutritionist in these children with malnutrition.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/classification , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Obesity/classification , Obesity/diet therapy , Obesity/drug therapy , Obesity/rehabilitation , Child Nutrition Disorders/classification , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Child Nutrition Disorders/pathology , Child Nutrition Disorders/prevention & control , Child Nutrition Disorders/drug therapyABSTRACT
La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII), se caracteriza por tener un proceso clínico impredecible. Se puede definir como la inflamación de la mucosa gastrointestinal de etiología desconocida. Se ha propuesto que resulta de una respuesta inmunitaria aberrante del huésped a los antígenos normales del tracto gastrointestinal. El diagnóstico se apoya en la evaluación integral de criterios clínicos, radiológicos, endoscópicos e histológicos. Pueden encontrarse síntomas digestivos y manifestaciones extraintestinales. El déficit de vitaminas y oligoelementos, juegan un papel importante en el estado nutricio de los pacientes con EII, afectando más a los pacientes con EC.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by an unpredictable clinical process. It can be defined as inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa of unknown etiology. It is proposed that results from an aberrant immune response to antigens of the host's normal gastrointestinal tract. The diagnosis is based on the comprehensive assessment of clinical, radiological, endoscopic and histologic findings. You can find digestive symptoms and extraintestinal manifestations. The deficit of vitamins and trace elements play an important role in the nutritional status of patients withIBD, affecting more patients with CD.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnosis , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/etiology , Child Nutrition Disorders/classification , Child Nutrition Disorders/pathologyABSTRACT
El género Malassezia comprende un grupo de levaduras lipofílicas, integrantes de la microbiota normal de la piel del hombre y de animales. Se estudió la presencia de especies de Malassezia en piel sana de niños, que asistían a multihogares de cuidado diario de la ciudad de Maracaibo, estado Zulia, Venezuela. La evaluación antropométrica permitió el diagnóstico de niños desnutridos (n = 48) y eutróficos (n = 40). Estos niños, entre 1 y 6 años de edad, que no presentaban lesiones en la piel, se seleccionaron para el estudio. Las muestras de la piel se tomaron de distintas regiones anatómicas. Se empleó el método de la impronta con cinta plástica transparente. Se realizó un examen directo con azul de metileno (0,25%) y se cultivó en el medio Dixon con antibiótico. La identificación de los aislados se hizo según la metodología clásica. Los resultados indican que los niños desnutridos y eutróficos presentaron una colonización por Malassezia en un elevado porcentaje (66,6% y 65,0%, respectivamente). Se observó en los desnutridos un predominio significativo de M. furfur (77,0%). Esta especie se aisló en todas las localizaciones, tanto en los desnutridos como en los eutróficos, mientras que M. slooffiae predominó en la espalda en los eutróficos. Por otra parte, se observó en los desnutridos un predominio significativo de M. furfur en el sexo masculino y en los eutróficos en el femenino. Esta investigación demostró el predominio de M. furfur en piel sana de niños desnutridos y eutróficos.
The Malassezia genus contains a group of lipophilic yeasts that form part of the normal microbiota of human and animals skins. The presence of Malassezia species was studied on healthy skin in children, who attended day care centers, located in Maracaibo, Zulia state, Venezuela. Children without skin lesions that were anthropometrically classified as malnourished (48) and eutrophics (40), were studied. Samples were taken from different anatomic regions with a transparent plastic tape. The direct examination was done using blue methylene (0.25%) and then, samples were cultivated in Dixon medium with antibiotic. The identification of the isolated yeasts was done by classical methodology. The results obtained indicate that malnourished and eutrophics children were positive to Malassezia in relatively high prevalences (66.6% and 65.0% respectively). It is worthy of notice that M. furfur was predominantly present in malnourished children (77%). It was isolated from all the anatomic locations in both groups of children. M. slooffiae was mainly located in the back of the eutrophic children. M. furfur was isolated preferently in malnourished male children, while in the eutrophic children, it was observed in females. It was demonstrated that M. furfur was predominantly present in the healthy skin of malnourished and eutrophic children.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Malassezia/isolation & purification , Nutritional Status , Child Nutrition Disorders/pathology , Child Nutrition SciencesABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de desnutrição entre crianças com tumores sólidos em tratamento num centro oncológico brasileiro. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 44 pacientes durante o primeiro mês de tratamento, por meio de medidas antropométricas e, de acordo com recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde, seguindo os escores-Z de peso/idade, estatura/idade e peso/estatura para o diagnóstico nutricional. RESULTADOS: De acordo com os escores-Z de peso/idade, estatura/idade e peso/estatura, encontramos, respectivamente, 16 por cento, 7 por cento e 16 por cento de desnutrição entre as 44 crianças. De acordo com os diagnósticos de câncer, 27 por cento dos portadores de tumores cerebrais, 25 por cento dos pacientes com neuroblastomas e 11 por cento com tumores de Wilms, apresentaram desnutrição energético-protéica. CONCLUSAO: Há uma elevada prevalência de desnutrição na população estudada, que pode estar relacionada à doença, ao tratamento e aos fatores socioeconômicos, como também à falta de um protocolo nutricional para identificar e tratar precocemente a desnutrição em crianças com tumores sólidos.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Nutritional Status , Prevalence , Neoplasms , Child , Child Nutrition Disorders/pathologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the nutritious state in children of low social-economic class in order to look over a possible corelationship among this status and the infections caused by enteroparasites. METHODS: 103 children were submitted to a nutritions evolution and to accomplish a exam of serial samples. The method employed searched protozoan cystos, helmints eggs and larvae and it counted helmint eggs when presented through 4 different methods of diagnosis. RESULTS: The results obtained show that the poor environmental and social-economic conditions helped create a high infectious frequency caused by enteroparasites, mainly by Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides, among the helminthes, and Endolimax nana and Giardia lamblia, among the protozoans. light malnutrition without protein deficit was found in 93.55% and moderate malnutrition in 6.45% of the children malnutrition (30.7%). CONCLUSION: Then, it is possible to suggest that children besides bearing many parasitosis were not weth their nutritional state deeply compromised.
Subject(s)
Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/complications , Gastroenteritis/parasitology , Helminthiasis/complications , Nutrition Assessment , Poverty , Child Nutrition Disorders/parasitology , Anthropometry , Child Day Care Centers , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/parasitology , Eukaryota , Nutritional Status/physiology , Feces/parasitology , Helminths/growth & development , Parasite Egg Count , Severity of Illness Index , Child Nutrition Disorders/classification , Child Nutrition Disorders/pathologyABSTRACT
The autopsy records of 115 children with severe protein-energy malnutrition were reviewed. Sections of the lung histology showed evidence of bacterial pneumonia in 49 per cent of cases. An additional 18 per cent showed bronchitis, bronchiolitis or interstitial pneumonitis. Aspiration of gastric contents was evident in 10 per cent of cases; 6 per cent showed pulmonary oedema and congestion. In the remaining cases, no lung pathology was identified (17 per cent ). In 8 cases, rapid autopsy examination permitted fixation of lung tissue for electron microscopy. These included 4 cases of bronchopneumonia, one of which was associated with viral pneumonia. Another interstitial pneumonitis, probably of viral aetiology, was also studied. Both these virus-associated cases showed loss of type I pneumocytes and hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes. Another patient with herpes simplex hepatitis showed necrotic emboli in pulmonary capillaries with virions, as well as colonies of interstitial bacteria. One patient with acute pulmonary oedema displayed severe endothelial cell swelling on electron microscopy. In one case, there was no evidence of respiratory changes, apart from desquamation of type I pnuemocytes. Useful information can be obtained on the fine structure of the lung, using samples taken soon after death.